Understanding lead time: definition, calculation and practical examples.

Companies in the production and manufacturing sectors know that there are more factors contributing to success than just quality. Time, for example, also has an impact on efficiency, competitiveness, costs, logistics, customer satisfaction and other aspects.

A key performance indicator in this context is therefore lead time. What exactly does this time period refer to? Why does this indicator play a crucial role in both manufacturing and logistics, and why should you not neglect to measure it? In this article, you will find an overview of the topic and answers to these questions.

Lead time: The essentials in brief

  • Lead time is a key performance indicator that reflects the duration of the production process for an order.
  • Lead time comprises components such as waiting time (dwell time), processing time, transport time and set-up time.
  • Long lead times are a disadvantage for the company, whereas short lead times can, for example, help you reduce costs and improve your market position.
  • ERP systems such as Collana and Diva Now can help to improve processes and reduce lead times, as they provide key data and real-time insights.

Definition: What is lead time?

Throughput time is a key performance indicator in production processes and in warehousing. According to the original definition, throughput time refers to the time taken to complete a product from start to finish. In other words, throughput time measures the production process of the manufacturing order.

It has its origins in manufacturing. However, other sectors are now also making use of it for process optimisation (e.g. in the service sector or in warehouse processes).

However, this is not simply a single period of production. Instead, various stages of the process play a role here: from receipt and preparation, through to execution and completion.

production planning

Which stages are included in the lead time?

Let’s take a closer look at which components count towards lead time within the context of an order:

  • Preparation time: Set-up time is the period of time that companies need to prepare and adjust the machine. This also includes data input.

  • Processing time: Processing time includes all periods during production when you are actually working on the product.

  • Waiting time (layover): The terms ‘downtime’ or ‘waiting time’ refer to the period during which you cannot continue with the job. For example, the product is waiting for the next available machine.

  • Transit time: Transport time is the length of time a product spends being moved within the factory (e.g. by forklift trucks, machines and conveyor belts).

  • Shelf life: This is the length of time that semi-finished goods or products remain in stock after manufacture.

  • Extra time: This is where all the times required in addition to the process times are taken into account. For example: inspection times or test runs.

How important are lead times for businesses?

Companies should never lose sight of lead times. Long lead times, for example, tie up a large amount of capital, can reduce customer satisfaction, increase storage costs and even lead to bottlenecks.

A short lead time, on the other hand, offers many advantages. It can reduce a company’s costs (e.g. lower capital tie-up costs), increase customer satisfaction, speed up the supply chain and improve competitiveness. Further benefits include increased productivity and flexibility, enabling companies to respond more quickly to new market conditions.

An example of how lead time is calculated in practice

To calculate the lead time, you can use one of the following formulas:

Lead time = order delivery date – order receipt date

Lead time = set-up time + processing time + dwell time + transport time + storage time + additional time

A real-life example illustrates the lead time involved in manufacturing a shelf:

Step in the process

Time component

Time required

Adjusting the machine to a specific sawing width and fitting the saw blades.

Preparation time

10 minutes

Cutting the individual wooden planks to size

Processing time

30 minutes

Onward transport to the next machine

Transit time

5 minutes

Grinding and drilling the holes for the screws

Processing time

15 minutes

Onward transport to the next machine

Transit time

5 minutes

Painting the boards

Processing time

10 minutes

Drying the boards

Dwell time

12 hours

Screwing the boards together to form a shelf

Processing time

30 minutes

Quality control

Extra time

5 minutes

Storage until dispatch

Shelf life

2 days

 

 

Total lead time

2 days, 13 hours, 50 minutes

How can lead times be reduced?

Optimising or reducing lead times brings companies a host of benefits. However, to improve them, you should not only be familiar with the figures, but also focus on the right measures.

This includes taking a close look at your production control processes. This will enable you to identify weaknesses and compare the processing times for individual items. An ERP system provides all the necessary data for this and also enables real-time monitoring, so that you can react quickly.

To optimise production, you can also use more efficient and high-performance machines. These can carry out work processes more quickly, automate manual processes or perform several steps simultaneously. In practical terms, this means you can reduce both processing time and transport time.

You should not neglect your staff’s professional development either. Training can help them improve individual work processes, achieve greater productivity and identify opportunities for process improvement. It also helps to prevent errors and disruptions that can increase lead times.

Track and measure lead times with collana diva now

Would you like to improve your lead times? diva now can help you do just that! The ERP system can provide you with real-time data on various time points, statuses, components and items. Gain complete transparency, identify areas for process improvement and benefit from reports and analyses.

By implementing an ERP system such as collana diva now However, there are even more benefits: reduce your costs and gain a competitive edge. Bottlenecks are a thing of the past, and customer satisfaction can only go one way: up! By integrating with other systems, you can also optimise your stock management.

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