Advantages and disadvantages of a consignment warehouse

Companies and manufacturers often face a balancing act: on the one hand, there must be sufficient space for goods, spare parts or frequently required components. On the other hand, storage costs and risk should be kept to a minimum. Building their own warehouse for goods or spare parts is therefore not always cost-effective.

A modern alternative is the Consignment stock – a form of warehousing in which the goods are stored at the customer’s premises but remain the property of the supplier until they are collected. Sounds handy? It often is – but not always.

In this article, we’ll outline the key advantages and disadvantages of a consignment warehouse, explain when this type of warehouse is worthwhile, and offer tips on how to set up a consignment warehouse successfully.

What is a consignment stock?

A consignment warehouse is a specialised warehouse set up by the supplier in the immediate vicinity – or even directly on the premises – of the customer, and operated at the supplier’s own expense.

The goods in storage remain the property of the supplier until they are collected, payment is made or an agreed period expires. As a rule, a retention of title applies, meaning that ownership is only transferred to the customer upon collection.

As soon as a customer removes items from the warehouse, the usage is recorded and the delivery company automatically issues an invoice.

In this context, you will often come across the following terms in practice:

Term

Explanation

Consignor, Consignor (female)

This is the term used to refer to the supplier who provides the consignment stock.

Consignor, Consignor (female)

The customer or the buyer who removes goods from the consignment stock.

Konsiware

Term used to describe goods in a consignment warehouse – derived from „Konsilager“.

Consignment stock: an overview of the pros and cons

Automated conveyor systems are a good example of flexible warehouse automation – they are available in various designs and can be perfectly adapted to your warehouse system:

Belt and roller conveyors: Ideal for transporting pallets, cartons or containers. The modular systems are easy to integrate and ensure a smooth flow of materials.

Vertical conveyor systems: Connect different levels of your warehouse – from floor to ceiling. This allows you to make efficient use of your entire storage area without having to extend the building.

A consignment warehouse can offer businesses many advantages – such as reduced storage costs, greater flexibility and improved availability of goods. However, potential drawbacks should also be taken into account when making a decision. Here is an overview of the key pros and cons:

Advantages of a consignment warehouse:

  • No investment in your own warehousing infrastructure is required – there is no need for your own warehouse premises, staff or equipment.
  • Frequently required parts (e.g. common consumables or operating materials) are available immediately, as the warehouse is located in the immediate vicinity.
  • Lower risk for the contracting company – obsolescence and ageing are usually entirely the responsibility of the supplier.
  • Quality assurance by the supplier – the goods remain the property of the supplier until they are collected.
  • No capital commitment costs – goods are only paid for when they are collected.
  • Less administrative work – the warehouse is managed by the delivery company, so you can focus on your core business.

Disadvantages of a consignment warehouse:

  • Longer contract terms – you are often tied to the same supplier for an extended period.
  • A time-consuming selection process – searching for, comparing and negotiating with suitable providers – can tie up time and resources.
  • Price increases by the supply partner are possible – particularly in the case of longer contract terms or exclusivity.
  • Limited flexibility – switching to other suppliers during the contract term is often difficult.
  • Additional charges for the service – consignment models may be more expensive due to logistics or administrative costs.

Advantages and disadvantages from the warehouse operator’s perspective

There are also specific advantages and disadvantages for the supplier – that is, the operator of the consignment warehouse.

Benefits for the delivery company:

  • Greater customer loyalty: The consignment stock fosters a close business relationship that builds long-term customer loyalty.
  • Competitive advantage: This additional service gives us an edge over other suppliers.
  • Planning certainty: Thanks to transparent stock movements, sales planning can be managed more effectively.
  • More efficient distribution: Giving customers direct access to goods can reduce the workload involved in distribution.

Disadvantages for the delivery company:

  • High capital tie-up costs: The goods are with the customer but remain the property of the supplier – this ties up capital.
  • Risks associated with ownership: Design changes, technical developments or obsolescence may mean that products in stock have to be replaced at your own expense.
  • Risks of loss and liability: Damage to, theft of or loss of goods in the consignment warehouse is generally borne by the operator.
  • Additional administrative burden: Operation and stock monitoring require a reliable IT infrastructure and clear processes.

When does it make sense to set up a consignment warehouse?

A consignment warehouse can be a sensible solution for both large corporations and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – particularly where the storage of parts or products needs to be flexible, low-risk and without the need for significant initial investment.

This type of warehousing is particularly attractive for businesses that deal in perishable goods. In such cases, the risk of wastage and the costs of replacement parts can largely be passed on to the warehouse operator. A consignment warehouse also offers a high degree of flexibility for seasonal items that are only required during specific time periods. The same applies to companies where the immediate availability of parts and materials is crucial – or where consumption is difficult to predict.

SMEs in particular benefit from the fact that they do not need to set up their own storage facilities or invest in additional staff. Instead, projects can be implemented more quickly, whilst the company can continue to focus on its core business.

Furthermore, there are two other scenarios in which a consignment warehouse can be beneficial: manufacturing companies with multiple suppliers can create an effective supplier logistics centre by using a central consignment warehouse. And companies operating internationally – particularly those with customers in other EU countries – also benefit from shorter delivery routes and reduced customs formalities.

 

What is a supplier logistics centre?

A supplier logistics centre is a shared consignment warehouse operated by several suppliers – specifically for a single company or group of companies.

The benefit for the recipient company is clear: it receives all the parts and materials required for production from a single central location, which considerably simplifies logistics, planning and supply security. The suppliers involved, in turn, may be able to share storage costs and infrastructure expenditure, thereby increasing cost-effectiveness for all parties involved.

Consignment stock abroad: an interesting option.

A consignment warehouse within the EU can be a sensible solution for companies operating internationally – for example, to enable them to deliver goods or spare parts to overseas customers more quickly.

Although deliveries within the EU are, in principle, duty-free, VAT is payable on deliveries to other Member States. The tax treatment of consignment stocks is governed by law – in Germany, for example, by Section 6b of the VAT Act (UStG) – and may be supplemented by further regulations depending on the EU country concerned.

Important: The question of who bears the costs involved in a consignment warehouse abroad, and how the transfer of ownership and taxation work, is often complex. Companies should therefore be sure to seek advice from a tax expert or tax adviser before setting up a cross-border consignment warehouse.

Guidance and tips for setting up a consignment warehouse

Would you like to have your goods managed via a consignment warehouse in future? If so, this step-by-step guide will help you take a structured approach – from selecting products to negotiating with suppliers.

Step 1: Define and select items

Before entering into discussions with suppliers, you should clearly define which goods are to be stored in the consignment warehouse. This decision will affect the space required, the logistical effort involved and the service requirements. A carefully considered selection is crucial, particularly for sensitive or seasonal items.

Step 2: Planning infrastructure and IT

An efficiently managed consignment warehouse is only possible with the appropriate IT support. Companies with their own ERP system can often connect this to the supplier’s system via interfaces. For SMEs, we recommend using a cloud-based SaaS solution, which can be implemented with minimal effort. One such solution – such as, for example,. collana diva now – not only enables the monitoring of stock levels and processes, but can also automatically trigger the restocking process.

Step 3: Hold initial discussions with suppliers and obtain quotations.

In the next phase, the aim is to approach initial suppliers and discuss key points: capacity, delivery arrangements, prices, contract duration, terms and conditions, etc. Ask for specific quotes so that you can assess the extent to which they meet your requirements – many details can also be settled contractually at a later stage.

Step 4: Comparing quotes and services.

You should then systematically compare the quotes you have obtained. A cost-benefit analysis can help you identify the most cost-effective provider. If you have a little more time to spare, you can monitor prices regularly and use this information to negotiate even better terms. Once you have also critically assessed the level of service on offer, you can select several delivery companies to proceed with to the next stage.

Step 5: Final negotiations and conclusion of the contract.

Offers are not yet set in stone. Use the information you have gathered to negotiate better terms during your final discussions with suppliers. This is where your negotiating skills will come in handy – for example, when it comes to prices, contract terms or service levels.

Step 6: Labelling and managing consignment goods.

Once the contract has been finalised, implementation begins. The consignment goods should be identified as such in the system – particularly if you also operate your own warehouse. Clear labelling ensures that you can track where each item is stored at any time, in real time.

Step 7: Possible renegotiations.

Even after signing a contract, you should regularly check whether price adjustments are necessary or possible. An existing contract does not protect you from unexpected price rises. You should therefore continue to keep an eye on offers from competitors – this will ensure you secure fair terms in the long term.

Conclusion

A consignment warehouse saves you from having to invest in your own warehouse – but digital process management remains essential. After all, only with the right IT infrastructure can you reliably keep track of orders, goods flows, production and business processes.

You should not relinquish control over this – it is crucial to the efficiency, responsiveness and financial success of your business. Modern ERP software provides you with the data and analyses you need in real time to make informed decisions and continuously improve processes.

However, a traditional on-premises solution does not always prove cost-effective, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Create the right conditions – with collana diva now

You have already read that warehouse automation makes processes more efficient. But what about the costs? This section looks at how warehouse automation also pays off financially for your business – and what role ROI (return on investment) plays in this.

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Create the right ones Requirements for collana diva now.

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